Selenium using python: January 2015

Friday 23 January 2015

Handling Web Alerts

Web Alert are used to confirm the action taken by the user.
It take the focus away from the current window , and force the user to read the alert message.

Generally Web alerts consist of message and an OK, CANCEL button.

How does Selenium WebDriver handle Web Alert ??

In selenium WebDriver when an alert appears in the web-page ,
the control is still in the web-page hence we have to switch the control from
the web-page to alert window.

For accessing the Web Alert , we first have to create an alert object.

alert = browser.switch_to_alert()

Now we have control over the alert.
To perform action on the alert we need to know about alert class.

What is a Alert Class??

With the help of Alert Class we can interact with alerts.
With this class we can
accept the alert using accept()----method
reject the alert using dismiss()-----method
enter value in the alert box using send_keys()-----method
receive the text found in the alert using ".text"

Simple Alert Button

Lets handle a simple alert.In order to generate alert please copy the below html code,
and save it in ex1.html .

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body bgcolor="#E6E6FA">
<h1>
Basic Alert</h1>
<p>
click the button to see an alert</p>
<button onclick="myFunction()" name ="alert">Alert</button>

<p>
How to handle alerts</a>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="color: #6aa84f;">Open the page web-page</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #6aa84f;">switch the control from web-page to alert</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #6aa84f;">handle the alert</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #6aa84f;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #6aa84f;"><br /></span>
<br />
<br /></div>
<script>
function myFunction() {
    alert("Do you know me");
}
</script>

</body>
</html>

Navigate to folder where the file is saved and double click it.

The browser open with

Now before we write test scripts lets write test cases.

test_ex1.html

#Test the alert in ex1.html
import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by   import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoAlertPresentException
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

class TestAlert(unittest.TestCase):
    
    def setUp(self):

        self.browser = webdriver.Firefox()
        browser = self.browser
        browser.get("file:///E:/python_blog/python%20series/popups/alert.html")

    def tearDown(self):

       self.browser.close()

    def clicks(self,name):
        
        browser = self.browser
        button = WebDriverWait(browser,5).until(lambda browser: browser.find_element(By.NAME,name))
        button.click()

    def alert_wait(self):

        browser = self.browser
        try:
            WebDriverWait(browser, 3).until(EC.alert_is_present(),
                                   'Timed out waiting for PA creation ' +
                                   'confirmation popup to appear.')
        except TimeoutException:
            print("no alert")
            
    def test_raise_NoAlertPresentException(self):
        """When the button is not clicked no alert is generated,
        a NoAlertPresentException is raised ,
        when we try to switch to alert."""
        browser = self.browser
        
        try:
            #switch control to the alert box,by creating a alert object
            alert = browser.switch_to_alert()
            self.alert_wait()
            #accept the alert
            alert.accept()
        except NoAlertPresentException:
            print("no alert found")   

    def test_accept_alert(self):
        """we generate the alert and accept it"""
        browser = self.browser
        
        self.clicks("alert")
        #switch control to the alert box,by creating a alert object
        alert = browser.switch_to_alert()
        self.alert_wait()
        #accept the alert
        alert.accept()

    def test_alert_messge(self):
        """Verify the alert message"""
        
        msg = "Do you know me"
        browser = self.browser
        self.clicks("alert")
        #switch control to the alert box,by creating a alert object
        alert = browser.switch_to_alert()
        self.alert_wait()
        self.assertEqual(msg,alert.text,"string not equal")
        alert.accept()
        

if __name__ == "__main__":

    unittest.main(warnings = 'ignore')

Output in window's command prompt

Alert with OK & CANCEL Buttons

Save the below code in ex2.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body bgcolor="#E6E6FA">
<h1>
Alert with OK and CANCEL BUTTON</h1>
<p>
Click the button to display a confirmation box.</p>
<button onclick="myFunction()" name = "confirm">Confirm</button>

<p id="demo">
</p>
<script>
function myFunction() {
    var x;
    if (confirm("Do I know you") == true) {
        
        alert("I Know you")
        x = "You pressed OK!"

    } else {

        alert("who are you")
        y = "You pressed CANCEL"
    }
    document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = x;
}
</script>

</body>
</html>

When we open ex2.html in a browser we get

The Test Cases for ex2.html are

test_ex2_v1.py

import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

class ConfirmationTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    """Base class for ConfirmationTest,
    This class provide the setup ,teardown method for
    the test cases in ConfirmationTest class.
    It also provides helper function like clicking elements
    and waiting for pop-ups"""
    def setUp(self):

        self.browser = webdriver.Firefox()
        browser = self.browser
        browser.get("file:///E:/python_blog/python%20series/popups/ok_or_canel.html")
    
        self.clicks("confirm")
        self.alert_wait()
        self.alert = browser.switch_to_alert()

    def tearDown(self):

        self.alert_wait()
        self.alert.accept()
        self.browser.close()

    
    def clicks(self,name):
        
        browser = self.browser
        button = WebDriverWait(browser,5).until(lambda browser: browser.find_element(By.NAME,name))
        button.click()    

    def alert_wait(self):

        browser = self.browser
        try:
            WebDriverWait(browser, 3).until(EC.alert_is_present(),
                                   'Timed out waiting for PA creation ' +
                                   'confirmation popup to appear.')
        except TimeoutException:
            print("no alert")

    def alert_assertion(self,msg):

        self.assertEqual(msg,self.alert.text)
    
class ConfirmationTest(ConfirmationTestCase):
    """The test case are found in this class"""
    
    def test_click_confirm_verify_txt(self):
    
        msg = "Do I know you"
        self.alert_assertion(msg)
        
        self.alert_wait()
        self.alert.dismiss()
        
        

    def test_click_ok_verify_txt(self):

        self.alert.accept()
        self.alert_wait()

        msg = "I Know you"
        self.alert_assertion(msg)
        

    def test_click_cancel_verify_txt(self):
        
        self.alert.dismiss()
        self.alert_wait()

        msg = "who are you"
        self.alert_assertion(msg)
      
if __name__ == "__main__":
    
    unittest.main(warnings='ignore')

Lets us run test_ex2_v1.py in command line.

Structure of test_ex2_v1.py ,it has two class namely ConfirmationTestCase & ConfirmationTest

Now let us put the ConfirmationTestCase class in a file called ex2Base.py

import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

class ConfirmationTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    """Base class for ConfirmationTest,
    This class provide the setup ,teardown method for
    the test cases in ConfirmationTest class.
    It also provides helper function like clicking elements
    and waiting for pop-ups"""
    def setUp(self):

        self.browser = webdriver.Firefox()
        browser = self.browser
        browser.get("file:///E:/python_blog/python%20series/popups/ok_or_canel.html")
    
        self.clicks("confirm")
        self.alert_wait()
        self.alert = browser.switch_to_alert()

    def tearDown(self):

        self.alert_wait()
        self.alert.accept()
        self.browser.close()

    
    def clicks(self,name):
        
        browser = self.browser
        button = WebDriverWait(browser,5).until(lambda browser: browser.find_element(By.NAME,name))
        button.click()    

    def alert_wait(self):

        browser = self.browser
        try:
            WebDriverWait(browser, 3).until(EC.alert_is_present(),
                                   'Timed out waiting for PA creation ' +
                                   'confirmation popup to appear.')
        except TimeoutException:
            print("no alert")

    def alert_assertion(self,msg):

        self.assertEqual(msg,self.alert.text)

Let us retain ConfirmationTest and save the file as ex2Test.py

import unittest
from ex2Base import ConfirmationTestCase

class ConfirmationTest(ConfirmationTestCase):
    """The test case are found in this class"""
    
    def test_click_confirm_verify_txt(self):
    
        msg = "Do I know you"
        self.alert_assertion(msg)
        
        self.alert_wait()
        self.alert.dismiss()
        
        

    def test_click_ok_verify_txt(self):

        self.alert.accept()
        self.alert_wait()

        msg = "I Know you"
        self.alert_assertion(msg)
        

    def test_click_cancel_verify_txt(self):
        
        self.alert.dismiss()
        self.alert_wait()

        msg = "who are you"
        self.alert_assertion(msg)
      
if __name__ == "__main__":
    
    unittest.main(warnings='ignore')

lets us run ex2Test.py from window command line.

Dialogue Box

Please copy the below code for generating a dialogue box as show above.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body bgcolor="#E6E6FA">
<h1>
Dialogue Box</h1>
<p>
What your name ????</p>
<button onclick="myFunction()"name ="dialogueBox">Name</button>

<p id="demo">
</p>
<script>
function myFunction() {
    var person = prompt("Please enter your name", "Jude Job");
    
    if (person != null) {
        document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML =
        "Hello " + person + "! How are you today?";
        alert("Hello " + person + "! How are you today?")
    }
}
</script>

</body>
</html>

Now lets write the test cases

test_ex3.py

import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

class DialogueTest(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):

        self.browser = webdriver.Firefox()
        browser = self.browser
        browser.get("file:///E:/python_blog/python%20series/popups/accept_values.html")
        
        self.clicks("dialogueBox")
        self.alert_wait()

    def tearDown(self):

        self.browser.close()

    def clicks(self,name):
        
        browser = self.browser
        button = WebDriverWait(browser,5).until(lambda browser: browser.find_element(By.NAME,name))
        button.click()    

    def alert_wait(self):

        browser = self.browser
        try:
            WebDriverWait(browser, 3).until(EC.alert_is_present(),
                                   'Timed out waiting for PA creation ' +
                                   'confirmation popup to appear.')
        except TimeoutException:
            print("no alert")
            
    def test_send_keys(self):

        name ="James Bond"
        alert = self.browser.switch_to_alert()
        alert.send_keys(name)
        alert.accept()

        self.alert_wait()
        alert.accept()

    def test_verify_sent_keys(self):

        name ="James Bond"
        alert = self.browser.switch_to_alert()
        alert.send_keys(name)
        alert.accept()

        self.alert_wait()
        self.assertIn(name,alert.text)
        alert.accept()        
        
if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main(warnings='ignore')

Now lets execute test_ex3.html from window command line,

Thursday 15 January 2015

My Python Notes:class ToolKit & unittest Framework

What is a class ?

Class is way to represent Object found in the Real World.
The way we define a function using the keyword def ,class can be created using the keyword class.
So Lets create a class which describes the behavior of a human being using a Human class.

Syntax
class Human(object):

Class allow us to logical group data & functions and the data is know as attributes,functions is referred to as methods.

As humans we have a name & age these are attributes.

Now let create a class Human with name & age.To represent the behavior of the Human we have defined two method eat() & my_stomach().

human.py

With human.py we have create a human class ie... we have a blueprint for Humans

Function within a class are known as methods
Now lets create a who Human whose name is Jude Augustine,age 24 from the Human class ie... we are creating an object whose name is Jude Augustine & age 24

object.py

lets run object.py

What have we done we have create a new object from the Human class

Note:
__init__()--- is used to assign value to the object ie..initialize the attributes.
The INIT method doesn't have a return statement, but it return the object that was created.

__str__()--- it return information about the object.

Lets us talk to Jude why is he so sad.

Let write code it and save it in conversation1.py

Lets make Jude Happy....

Lets write the code for the above and save in conversation2.py

Creating Multiple Objects from Human Class

Create James & John whose ages are 21 &22 have a sister whose name is Lisa who is 18 year Old,lets
create them using the Human Class.

family.py

save the above code in family.py & run it
#1 in family.py we are importing the Human class from the file human.py

#2 we create a brother_james with name james & age 21.

#3 we create a brother_john which is an object of class Human with name John & is 22 years old.

Creating multiple objects using List-Comprehension

from the above code we notice that humans[0] ----> James,24
humans[1] ----> John,22
humans[2] ----> Lisa,18

Now lets test human.py using Unittest module

Lets now write the code for the above test cases.

testHuman.py

Now lets run it testHuman.py

Now lets write some negative test cases

lets write the code & save it in negative.py

TookKIT
Human Class with few TookkIT elements.

class Human(object): """Being a human i have a name & age. We can eat using the eat()--method. The my_stomach return the food_list found in the stomach. """ heart = 1 #Class variable def init(self,name,age): """(object,string,number)-> object This method initalize the human object whose name is name and age is age """ self.name = name #instance variables self.age = age self.food_list = [] def str(self): """Return the name & age of the object""" s = "My name is %s. "%self.name s +="I am %d year old."%self.age return s def eat(self,food): """ (object,string)->None Add the food eaten to the food_list """ self.food_list.append(food) def my_stomach(self): #Regular Methods """ (object) ->list contents of my stomach""" talk ="" if self.food_list: talk ="I ate" else: talk ="i am hungry" print(talk,','.join(self.food_list)) return self.food_list @staticmethod #static method def heart_beat_sound(): return("lap--dubp--lap-dubp")

1)Instance Variables are defined within the init ()--method.

Information about Instance variable may vary as we can see from the multiple objects code.

Eg for Human class , name & age are instance variables.

2)Regular methods----function within a class are know are methods

Eg---- __init__(), __str__() ,eat() , my_stomach() are all methods

all the above method use self ,ie method using self are a parameter are known as Regular Methods.

3)Class Variables--- as human being we all have a heart & every being has One Heart.

Eg-- heart = 1

4)Static Methods-- method that dont need self as a paramter, because they dont modify the Instance variables.They are helper function which can be used by other Regular Method.
They are added to class using decorators.

Eg @staticmethod
def heart_sound():
print("lup--dup--lup---dup")

How does you heartBeat

the code for the above scenario

heart.py

from human import Human

doctor = Human("DR Andrew",45)
patient = Human("joseph",30)

print("patient::>> how is my heart beat ")
#doctor refers the patients static method
print("Doctors::>>",patient.heart_beat_sound())

Run it

Sunday 11 January 2015

My Python Notes-->(List & List Comprehension)

What is a list ?

List is a collection of similar numbers , strings or both.

List is a container which hold elements in a particular order.

Creating a list

To create an empty list

lst = []

To create a list of number from 1 to 5

num =[1,2,3,4,5]

To create a list of alphabets

alpha = ['a','b','c','d','e']

To create a list of words

seasons = ['Summer','Winter','Autumn','Spring']

To create a list of word containing number

pythonReleases = ['python3.4.2','python 2.7.0','python 2.7.9']

To create a list within a list

bigList =[[],

[1,2,3,4,5],

['a','b','c','d','e'],

['Summer','Winter','Autumn','Spring'],

['python3.4.2','python 2.7.0','python 2.7.9']

]

Note-----Like string elements we can access each and every list element using the index value.

alpha = ['a','b','c','d','e']

To access the 1st element

firstElement = alpha[0]

To access the last element

lastElement = alpha[-1]

Example 1

num = [1,2,3,4,5]

seasons = ['Winter','Summer','Autumn','Spring']
pythonReleases = ['python3.4.2','python2.7.0','python2.7.6','python3.3.2']

bigList = [[],
           ['Winter','Summer','Autumn','Spring'],
           ['python3.4.2','python2.7.0','python2.7.6','python3.3.2'],
           [1,2,3,4,5]
           ]

#print list elements
print("The seasons are")
print(seasons)

firstElement = pythonReleases[0]
print("The first element in list pythonRelease is %s "%firstElement)

lastElement = pythonReleases[-1]
print("The last element of the list pythonRelease is %s"%lastElement)

#We can find the length of the list using len()--method
print("The length of list bigList is %d"%len(bigList))

print("The bigList elements")
print(bigList)

Python List Methods

List in python is a class.

Note:List can also be created by using list()--method.
Eg ---list_name = list()

.append(value) ---adds "value" to the end of the list.

Lets consider an empty list

lst = []

To add an element to the list

lst.append(1)

.pop()---remove element from the list

pop()--by default remove the last element

seasons = ['summer', 'winter', 'autumn', 'spring']

seasons.pop()---will remove 'spring' from the list "seasons".

We can remove a particular element based on the index

Syntax-------seasons.pop([index])

seasons.pop(1)--- will remove 'winter' from the list "seasons".

.insert()---Now if we need to insert a value at a particular index we can use insert.

List are Mutable

browsers = ['IE6','Chrome','firefox','UC']

Now the element at index 2 is firefox, if we what to insert "phantomjs" at index 2 we can do it using insert().

Syntax-------browsers.insert([index],value)

.remove()---remove an element based on its value and not based on the index value.

pythonContainters = ['list','sets','tuple','dictionary']

pythonContainters.remove('list')---will remove 'list' value from the list "pythonContainers".

If the element to be remove if not found , an error is throw.

Lets try to remove 'jude' from the list 'pythonContainters'

.count()---count the number of time an element occurs in a given list

lets us create two list

lst = [1,2,1,4]

lst_char = ['a','a','d','e']

Note:List can store duplicate values.

Python String Methods

.joint()---is a string method we can use it to join a list of strings

words = ['my','name' ,'is ','jude ']

If we want to join the above list with a space between each list element

' '.join(words)

If we want to join the above list with '_' between each list element

'_'.join(words)

.split()---is a string method we can convert string into list.

string ="my name is jude"

' '.split(string)-----> will convert the string to a list.

names = "jude job james john joseph"

'j'.split(names)---->will return a list contain word without the letter "j".

Looping over List

For--loop--over single list

Syntax:
            for name in iterable:
statements
........
......
iterable---produces a stream of values
   and assign each value to name.
   for each value of name the statements are executed.

names = ['john','jude','mary','james','joseph']

I want to print the name from the names list using for--loop

for name in names:
print(name)

Output

Now using for--loop we can print the data and index value as well

enumerate()---help us to make useful pair.

for index,name in enumerate(names):

print("names[%d] = %s "%(index,name))

For--loop--over two list

zip()---makes a pair-wise loop

words = ['apple','boy','cat','dog']

alphabets = ['a','b','c','d']

Python List Comprehension

List-Comprehension allow us to built sequence from other sequence.

Example 2.1--write a program which takes a list and return a new list with square of each element from the given input list(Without list - Comprehension)

def square_num(numbers):
    num = []
    for number in numbers:
        num.append(number**2)

    return num


print(square_num([1,2,3,4]))
print(square_num([3]))
print(square_num([]))

Example 2.2--A function which takes a list and return a new list with square of each element from the given list.(Using list-Comprehension)

def square_num(numbers):
    return [number**2 for number in numbers]

print(square_num([1,2,3,4]))
print(square_num([3]))
print(square_num([]))

Output -- for ex2.1.py and ex2.2.py

List-Comprehension which filter input sequence based on a certain condition.
Note:Condition are optional.

Example 3.1--A function which takes a input sequence of number and return a sequence of numbers greater than zero.(Without List Comprehension)

 def positive_num(numbers):
    new_list =[]
    for number in numbers:
        if number > 0:
            new_list.append(number)

    return new_list

print(positive_num([-1,-2,1,0,3,4]))
print(positive_num([-1,-2]))

Example 3.2--A function which takes a input sequence of number and return a sequence of numbers
greater than Zero( Using List-Comprehension)

def positive_num(numbers):
  
    return [number for number in numbers if number>0]
print(positive_num([-1,-2,1,0,3,4]))
print(positive_num([-1,-2]))

Output -- is for both ex3.1.py and ex3.2.py

List-Comprehension with multiple conditions

Example 4.1--A function which takes a input sequence of number and return a sequence of even-numbers.(WithOut list-Comprehension)

def even_num(numbers):
    even = []
    for number in numbers:
        if number > 0 and number % 2 == 0:
            even.append(number)

    return even

print(even_num([0]))
print(even_num([1,3,5,-9]))
print(even_num([2,1,4]))

Example 4.2--With List Comprehension

def even_num(numbers):
    return [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0 and number > 0]

print(even_num([1,2,-6,-9]))
print(even_num([]))
print(even_num([-4,-6]))

Output for ex4.1.py & ex4.2.py

List-Comprehension for two loops

Example 5.1--Working with two loops

def two_loops(p,q):
    com = []
    for  i in p:
        for j in q:
            com.append((i,j))

list1 = [1,2,3,4]
list2 = ['a','b','c','d']
print(two_loops(list1,listt2))

Example 5.2--Using list-Comprehension

def two_loops(p,q):
    return [(i,j) for i in p for j in q]

list1 = [1,2,3,4]
list2 = ['a','b','c','d']
print(two_loops(list1,list2))

Output

Example 6.1 Let us combine two list, string list and number list(WithOut Comprehension)
Note we can convert an integer into a string using str()--method.

def add_str(a,b):
    com = []
    for i in a:
        for j in b:
            com.append((str(i) + j))
    return com
lst1 = [1,2,3]
lst2 = ['a','b','c']
print(add_str(lst1,lst2))

Example 6.2---Repeat example 6.1 Using List Comprehension

def add_str(a,b):
    return [(str(i)+j) for i in a for j in b]
lst1 = [1,2,3]
lst2 = ['a','b','c']
print(add_str(lst1,lst2))

Output

Example 7--generating an unity matrix with List Comprehension
A unity matrix =[
                             [1,0,0]
                             [0,1,0]
                             [0,0,1]
                          ]

Example 8--generate a diagonal matrix whose diagonal element are equal to the row number
diagonal_matrix =[
                               [1,0,0,]
                               [0,2,0],
                               [0,0,3]
                              ]

Example 9--generate a diagonal matrix whose diagonal element are equal to square of the row number.
square_matrix =[
                               [1,0,0]
                               [0,4,0]
                               [0,0,9]
                              ]

Friday 23 January 2015

Handling Web Alerts

Thursday 15 January 2015

My Python Notes:class ToolKit & unittest Framework

What is a class ?

Lets us talk to Jude why is he so sad.

Lets make Jude Happy....

Creating Multiple Objects from Human Class

Creating multiple objects using List-Comprehension

Now lets test human.py using Unittest module

Now lets write some negative test cases

1)Instance Variables are defined within the __init__ ()--method.

How does you heartBeat

Sunday 11 January 2015

My Python Notes-->(List & List Comprehension)

What is a list ?

Creating a list

Python List Methods

Python String Methods

Looping over List

Python List Comprehension

1)Instance Variables are defined within the init ()--method.