Selenium using python: December 2014

Tuesday 30 December 2014

Installing Python & Selenium

Why Python ?

Python is my favorite Programming Language and it also happens be the only Programming Language I know.

C-Programming Language is the most widely used language of all times because it is a simple language to learn. JAVA is also widely used because it is an OBJECT-ORIENTED Programming Language.

Python has the simplicity of C-Programming-language and is an OBJECT-ORIENTED Programming Language like JAVA.

For developing games in Python we can use---pygame
For Testing we can use modules -----------------unittest, pytest,nose
For web-development-------------------------------django
For standalone Application-------------------------tkinter
For web-scrapping-----------------------------------urlib, BeautifulSoup

Google use python for its Search Engine
Instagram and Pinterest use Python's Django Framework

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Installing Python

Step 1

Download Python from this URL or from "http://www.python.org"

Step 2 :Open the Downloaded Python Installer

Step 3:Install python for all users

Python will be installed at C:\Python34\

Installation Begins

Installation Continues

Finally it is over

Step 4:Go to Start and type IDLE in the search box

Step 5:Open IDLE

Step 6: type "import this"

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Configuring Python from Windows Command Line

Now in order to use Python from Window Command Line, we need to configure the PATH variable found in the SYSTEM VARIABLES

Step 1: Right click on My Computer and Select Properties

Step 2:Select Advanced System settings

Step 3: We need to change System Variable which is found in Environment Variables

Step 4: In System Variables we need to edit PATH variable, so Select PATH and Click Edit Button

Step 5: Editing the PATH variable

Please add ;C:\Python34\

Don't leave any space after the last \

After changing the PATH variable click on OK Button.

Step 6: Clicking OK again

Step 7: Go to start and type CMD in the search box

Step 8: Running python from windows Command Line

Now Type python in the command Prompt

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What is Selenium??

Selenium is an open source web-UI automation tool.

In particular let us focus on Selenium 2.0 (webdriver). WebDriver is a clean, fast framework for

automation of web application

Key Features

Multiple-browser support.Firefox,Chrome,Safari,Opera & IE
Multiple-OS support.Windows,Linux,Android & IOS
Multiple Language Support. Python,Ruby,Java

Installing Selenium--(Selenium webdriver)

Step 1:Run windows command shell prompt as Administrator

Step 2: Windows Shell opens

Now type C:\Python34\Scripts\pip.exe install selenium

in the shell

The Download starts

Download Complete

Step 3: Verify the installation of selenium

We will access Python by Window shell by typing python

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Example 1---Using Selenium let us open Firefox browser

Step 1: we need to import webdriver from Selenium

from selenium import webdriver

Step 2: create a firefox browser object

#creating firefox browser object using Firefox webdriver
browser = webdriver.Firefox()

Example 2---Using Selenium to navigate to any valid URL

Step 1: we need to import webdriver from selenium

from selenium import webdriver

Step 2: create a firefox browser object

#creating firefox browser object using Firefox webdriver
browser = webdriver.Firefox()

Step 3: Navigate to "http://yahoo.com"
we can navigate to any valid URL using get--method.

#we can navigate to any valid URL using get--method
browser.get('http://www.yahoo.com')

Example 3 ----Open a particular web-page and verify if Selenium has indeed opened the correct webpage

Step 1: we need to import webdriver from selenium

from selenium import webdriver

Step 2:create a firefox browser object

#creating firefox browser object using Firefox webdriver
browser = webdriver.Firefox()

Step 3: Navigate to "http://pythonselenium.blogspot.com"
we can navigate to any valid URL using get--method.

#navigate to "http://pythonselenium.blogspot.com"
browser.get('http://pythonselenium.blogspot.com')

Step 4: Finding the Title of any given webpage
we can find it by this command.

print(browser.title)

Step 5: In-order to verify that selenium has opened the correct web-page we verify it using title of web-page

assert "Selenium using python" in browser.title

Step 6: Closing the browser

browser.close()

The complete code for Example 3

from selenium import webdriver

#Starting browser session
browser = webdriver.Firefox()

#Nagivate to a particular URL
browser.get("http://pythonselenium.blogspot.com")

#We check for the title by this we are sure we have loaded the correct page
assert "pythonselenium" in browser.title

#Close the browser
browser.close()

Logging Exception In Selenium

What is an Exception ?

When inputs to function are invalid or pre-condition are not meet an error is raised know as Exception.
To know more about exception we will see ValueError & DivideByZero exception in python
and later on NoSuchElementFound in selenium

Exception in Python

Example 1--ValueError
For the code below if the user enter string or alpha-numeric an exception is raised.

age = int(input("Enter your age"))

Example 2--DivideByZero

num = int(input("Enter a number greater than 0"))
print (10/num)

How to handle Exceptions ?

Exception can be caught using TRY & EXCEPT block statements.
Note: Exception should not be used as part of the normal code,but only for exceptional situations.
Only catch exception that you know to handle.

Solution for Example 1--Handling ValueError

#save the below code in valueError.py
while True:
    try:
        age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
        print("Your age is %d"%age)
        break
    except ValueError as ve:
        print ("{} .Enter a number only".format(ve))

Output

Solution for Example 2--Handling DivideByZeror

#save the below code in divideZero.py
while True:
    try:
        number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
        print (10/number)
        break
    except ValueError as ve:
        print ("{} .Enter a number only".format(ve))

    except ZeroDivisionError as zde:

        print("{} .Enter a number ".format(zde))

    except:

        print ("unknown exception")

Output

Exception in Selenium

NoSuchElementFound--- exception is raised when element to be located by the following methods

fails

find_element_by_id
find_element_by_name
find_element_by_tag_name
find_element_by_css_selector
find_element_by_xpath
find_element_by_link_text
find_element_by_partial_link_text
find_element_by_class_name

Example 1--NoSuchElementFound

import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

class Youtube(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):

        self.browser = webdriver.Firefox()
        self.browser.get("http://www.youtube.com")

    def tearDown(self):

        self.browser.quit()

    def test_search(self):

        browser = self.browser
        browser.find_element(By.ID,"1masthead-search-term")
        browser.send_keys("git tutorials")
        browser.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)

if __name__ == "__main__":

    unittest.main(warnings='ignore')

Handling "NoSuchElementFound" exception

import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

class YoutubeSearch(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):

        self.browser = webdriver.Firefox()
        self.browser.get("http://www.youtube.com")
        
    def tearDown(self):
        
        self.browser.save_screenshot('YoutubeSearchTest.png')
        self.browser.quit()
        
    def is_element_present(self,how,what):

        try:
            self.browser.find_element(by=how,value=what)
        except NoSuchElementException:
            return False
        return True

    def test_youtube(self):
        
        self.assertIn("YouTube",self.browser.title)
        self.assertTrue(self.is_element_present(By.ID,"1masthead-search-term"))
        searchElement = self.browser.find_element_by_id("1masthead-search-term")
        searchElement.send_keys("python tutorials")
        searchElement.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)

if __name__ == "__main__":

    unittest.main(exit=False,warnings = 'ignore')

Output in IDLE

Output in Window Command-line

What is Logging ?

Logging is a standard python Module.It record or track the events during the execution of a Application.Logging message are displayed or stored using Logging function and logging Levels.

Developers use it for Debugging ie....fault investigation.
System Admin use it for Monitoring ie... resources are used effectively.
Help Desk use it for answering client about the problem and about the Patch or workaround to be applied.

Logging Functions

logging.debug('This function provides detailed information ')

logging.warning('Something unexpected happened')

logging.error('For storing exception traces')
logging.info('It is a confirmation that things are going according to plan')

logging.critical('The main action to be performed fails')

Logging Levels

Given below are logging levels in the increasing order of severity.Critical is the highest level and Info is the lowest level...ie if we configure the logs for WARNING our log file will contain logs of WARNING,ERROR & CRITICAL.The default log message are WARNING

DEBUG
INFO
WARNING
ERROR
CRITICAL

Creating a simple logger

Step 1: Import the logging Module

import logging

Step 2: Create a logger with a level of logs to be recorded

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)

Step 3: Create a Log-Handler

handler_warn = logging.FileHandler('warning_log.txt')
handler_warn.setLevel(logging.WARNING)

Step 4: Create For-matter for Log-Handlers

formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
handler_warn.setFormatter(formatter)

Step 5: Add the log-handler to the logger

logger.addHandler(handler_warn)

Example 1--Using the above steps we can write our first Logger, warning logs are found in 'warning_log.txt' and INFO logs in 'info_log.txt'

#Import the logging module
import logging

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)

#Create a file handler
handler_warn = logging.FileHandler('warning_log.txt')
handler_warn.setLevel(logging.WARNING)

handler_info = logging.FileHandler('info_log.txt')
handler_info.setLevel(logging.INFO)

#create a logging format

formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
handler_warn.setFormatter(formatter)
handler_info.setFormatter(formatter)


#add the handler to the logger

logger.addHandler(handler_warn)
logger.addHandler(handler_info)


logger.info('Information')
logger.warning('warning')

Output
warning_log.txt

2014-12-29 19:02:15,217 - __main__ - WARNING - warning

info_log.txt

2014-12-29 19:02:15,217 - __main__ - INFO - Information
2014-12-29 19:02:15,217 - __main__ - WARNING - warning

Example 2--Handling Exception

#Import the logging module
import logging

#Create a logger
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)

#Create a log-handler
handler = logging.FileHandler('ex1_critical.txt')
handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)

#Format for logs
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
handler.setFormatter(formatter)

#add the handler to the logger
logger.addHandler(handler)

def age():
    """Function Prompt the user for their age"""
    logger.info('Inside function age()')

    try:
        logger.info('In the try Block ')
        age = int(input("Enter your age"))
        logger.debug('Value of age is %s'%age)
        
    except ValueError as e:

        logger.critical('Invalid Input',exc_info=True)


if __name__ == "__main__":

    age()

Contents of ex1_critical.txt

2014-12-29 20:44:25,962 - __main__ - INFO - Inside function age()
2014-12-29 20:44:25,962 - __main__ - INFO - In the try Block 
2014-12-29 20:44:35,320 - __main__ - CRITICAL - Invalid Input
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:/coursera/selenium/blog/post3/config.py", line 24, in age
    age = int(input("Enter your age"))
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '1!'

Example 3--We will consider an Example where we have to

Navigate to www.youtube.com and Assert for the Title
locate the searchBox
Search for Python Tutorials

An exception can be raised if Invalid Locator to the searchBox is given(NoSuchElementException) or if the title for the Youtube Page in Test Script is Wrong(AssertionError)
Here were store the CRITICAL logs in a file called Youtube.txt and INFO logs are seen at the console.

Example 3.1 Handling--AssertionError CRITICAL logs ---found in-'Youtube.txt'

import unittest
import logging
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

#create a logger
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)

#create log-handlers
#I need the critical logs in a file called Youtube.txt
handler_critical = logging.FileHandler('Youtube.txt','w')
handler_critical.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
#I need all the logs above the INFO level on the console
handler_info = logging.StreamHandler()
handler_info.setLevel(logging.INFO)

#FORMATTERES
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
handler_critical.setFormatter(formatter)
handler_info.setFormatter(formatter)

#add the handlers
logger.addHandler(handler_info)
logger.addHandler(handler_critical)



class YoutubeSearch(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):

        logger.info("-----Starting setup------")
        self.browser = webdriver.Firefox()
        self.browser.get("http://www.youtube.com")
        logger.info("-----setup complete-----")
        
    def tearDown(self):
        logger.info("-----starting teardown------")
        self.browser.save_screenshot('YoutubeSearchTest.png')
        self.browser.quit()
        logger.info("----teardown complete-------")

        
    def test_youtube_search(self):
        
        logger.info("-----in the test------")

        try:
            self.assertIn("1YouTube",self.browser.title)
            searchElement = self.browser.find_element_by_id("masthead-search-term")
            
        except AssertionError:
            logger.critical('Browser element',exc_info=True)
            self.fail('Title not found')
        except NoSuchElementException:
            logger.critical('element for search box',exc_info=True)
            self.fail('SearchBox element not found')
        else:
            searchElement.send_keys("python tutorials")
            searchElement.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
            logger.info("----test case complete----")
        


if __name__ == "__main__":

    unittest.main(exit=False,warnings = 'ignore')

Contents of Youtube.txt file

2014-12-30 17:31:38,342 - 2014-12-30 17:31:38,342 - __main__ - CRITICAL - Browser element
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\coursera\selenium\blog\post3\youtube_v1.py", line 52, in test_youtube_search
    self.assertIn("1YouTube",self.browser.title)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\unittest\case.py", line 1056, in assertIn
    self.fail(self._formatMessage(msg, standardMsg))
  File "C:\Python34\lib\unittest\case.py", line 642, in fail
    raise self.failureException(msg)
AssertionError: '1YouTube' not found in 'YouTube'

Example 3.2 Handling -- NoSuchElementException---CRITICAL logs ---found in-'Youtube.txt'

import unittest
import logging
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

#create a logger
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)

#create log-handlers
#I need the critical logs in a file called Youtube.txt
handler_critical = logging.FileHandler('Youtube.txt','w')
handler_critical.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
#I need all the logs above the INFO level on the console
handler_info = logging.StreamHandler()
handler_info.setLevel(logging.INFO)

#FORMATTERES
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
handler_critical.setFormatter(formatter)
handler_info.setFormatter(formatter)

#add the handlers
logger.addHandler(handler_info)
logger.addHandler(handler_critical)



class YoutubeSearch(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):

        logger.info("-----Starting setup------")
        self.browser = webdriver.Firefox()
        self.browser.get("http://www.youtube.com")
        logger.info("-----setup complete-----")
        
    def tearDown(self):
        logger.info("-----starting teardown------")
        self.browser.save_screenshot('YoutubeSearchTest.png')
        self.browser.quit()
        logger.info("----teardown complete-------")

        
    def test_youtube_search(self):
        
        logger.info("-----in the test------")

        try:
            self.assertIn("YouTube",self.browser.title)
            searchElement = self.browser.find_element_by_id("1masthead-search-term")
            
        except AssertionError:
            logger.critical('Browser element',exc_info=True)
            self.fail('Title not found')
        except NoSuchElementException:
            logger.critical('element for search box',exc_info=True)
            self.fail('SearchBox element not found')
        else:
            searchElement.send_keys("python tutorials")
            searchElement.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
            logger.info("----test case complete----")
        


if __name__ == "__main__":

    unittest.main(exit=False,warnings = 'ignore')

Contents of Youtube.txt file

2014-12-30 17:31:38,342 - 2014-12-30 17:31:38,342 - __main__ - CRITICAL - Browser element
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\coursera\selenium\blog\post3\youtube_v1.py", line 52, in test_youtube_search
    self.assertIn("1YouTube",self.browser.title)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\unittest\case.py", line 1056, in assertIn
    self.fail(self._formatMessage(msg, standardMsg))
  File "C:\Python34\lib\unittest\case.py", line 642, in fail
    raise self.failureException(msg)
AssertionError: '1YouTube' not found in 'YouTube'
2014-12-30 17:40:42,573 - 2014-12-30 17:40:42,573 - __main__ - CRITICAL - element for search box
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\coursera\selenium\blog\post3\youtube_v1.py", line 53, in test_youtube_search
    searchElement = self.browser.find_element_by_id("1masthead-search-term")
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 206, in find_element_by_id
    return self.find_element(by=By.ID, value=id_)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 662, in find_element
    {'using': by, 'value': value})['value']
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 173, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "C:\Python34\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 166, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchElementException: Message: Unable to locate element: {"method":"id","selector":"1masthead-search-term"}
Stacktrace:
    at FirefoxDriver.prototype.findElementInternal_ (file:///C:/Users/DANIEL~1/AppData/Local/Temp/tmpsckt44ay/extensions/fxdriver@googlecode.com/components/driver-component.js:9641:26)
    at FirefoxDriver.prototype.findElement (file:///C:/Users/DANIEL~1/AppData/Local/Temp/tmpsckt44ay/extensions/fxdriver@googlecode.com/components/driver-component.js:9650:3)
    at DelayedCommand.prototype.executeInternal_/h (file:///C:/Users/DANIEL~1/AppData/Local/Temp/tmpsckt44ay/extensions/fxdriver@googlecode.com/components/command-processor.js:11635:16)
    at DelayedCommand.prototype.executeInternal_ (file:///C:/Users/DANIEL~1/AppData/Local/Temp/tmpsckt44ay/extensions/fxdriver@googlecode.com/components/command-processor.js:11640:7)
    at DelayedCommand.prototype.execute/< (file:///C:/Users/DANIEL~1/AppData/Local/Temp/tmpsckt44ay/extensions/fxdriver@googlecode.com/components/command-processor.js:11582:5)

Example 3.3 Finally the correct code

NOTE:Logging configuration can be placed in seperate logging.conf file

import unittest
import logging
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

#create a logger
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)

#create log-handlers
#I need the critical logs in a file called Youtube.txt
handler_critical = logging.FileHandler('Youtube.txt','w')
handler_critical.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
#I need all the logs above the INFO level on the console
handler_info = logging.StreamHandler()
handler_info.setLevel(logging.INFO)

#FORMATTERES
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
handler_critical.setFormatter(formatter)
handler_info.setFormatter(formatter)

#add the handlers
logger.addHandler(handler_info)
logger.addHandler(handler_critical)



class YoutubeSearch(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):

        logger.info("-----Starting setup------")
        self.browser = webdriver.Firefox()
        self.browser.get("http://www.youtube.com")
        logger.info("-----setup complete-----")
        
    def tearDown(self):
        logger.info("-----starting teardown------")
        self.browser.save_screenshot('YoutubeSearchTest.png')
        self.browser.quit()
        logger.info("----teardown complete-------")

        
    def test_youtube_search(self):
        
        logger.info("-----in the test------")

        try:
            self.assertIn("YouTube",self.browser.title)
            searchElement = self.browser.find_element_by_id("masthead-search-term")
            
        except AssertionError:
            logger.critical('Browser element',exc_info=True)
            self.fail('Title not found')
        except NoSuchElementException:
            logger.critical('element for search box',exc_info=True)
            self.fail('SearchBox element not found')
        else:
            searchElement.send_keys("python tutorials")
            searchElement.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
            logger.info("----test case complete----")
        


if __name__ == "__main__":

    unittest.main(exit=False,warnings = 'ignore')

Output

>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
>>> 
2014-12-30 17:15:11,070 - 2014-12-30 17:15:11,070 - __main__ - INFO - -----Starting setup------
2014-12-30 17:15:47,270 - 2014-12-30 17:15:47,270 - __main__ - INFO - -----setup complete-----
2014-12-30 17:15:47,333 - 2014-12-30 17:15:47,333 - __main__ - INFO - -----in the test------
2014-12-30 17:16:02,422 - 2014-12-30 17:16:02,422 - __main__ - INFO - ----test case complete----
2014-12-30 17:16:02,500 - 2014-12-30 17:16:02,500 - __main__ - INFO - -----starting teardown------
2014-12-30 17:16:07,919 - 2014-12-30 17:16:07,919 - __main__ - INFO - ----teardown complete-------
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 56.864s

OK
>>>

Monday 22 December 2014

WORKING WITH CHROME WEBDRIVER

What is a CHROME WebDriver ??

It is an open Source Tool for Automated Testing of Web-Pages in Google Chrome.

It provides capabilities for

Navigating to web pages
User input
JavaScript execution, and more.

Installing CHROME WebDriver

Step 1
          Download the latest Release from chrome webdriver Page
Step 2
          Unzip the downloaded file(chromedriver_win32)
Step 3
   After Unzip we have chromedriver file copy this file to C:\Python\Scripts\
Step4

   Open IDLE and type,

>>>from selenium import webdriver
>>>browser = webdriver.Chrome()
>>>

Chrome is Up & Running.

Steps to be followed before writing a Test Scrips

Understand the Requirement
Write Test Plan and Test Cases
Decide which Test Case to Automate
Inspect the required Web UI elements
Starting writing your Test Script

Example 1:---LogIn to your Gmail Account Verify your Username in the HomePage
and then LogOut.

Step 1

Requirement:Accessing your Gmail Account using Selenium(Gmail Sign In)

Step 2

Test Scenarios

Enter a Valid UserName ,Password & login,check for the Username in the HomePage.
Logout and check for the Gmail Login Page.

Test Case
Log In

Open the Browser.
Navigate to "http://gmail.com"
Verify the Title of Gmail Login Page.
Enter the Username and Password and click submit.
Verify the Username in the HomePage

Logout

Hover Over the Username in the Home Page
Click the LogOut Button
Verify the Title of Gmail Login Page.

Step 3

Inspection of Web UI elements using FireBug & FirePath.

We are going to use FireBug to extracting the HTML ID ,HTML NAME of UI elements.
FireBug can be downloaded from this URL

Working With FireBug

Step 1 :

           Open FireBug

Step 2 :

            Inspecting elements with FireBug
   Right click over the element to be inspected.

For LogIn Test Case
1)Username Inspection

Username can be located using HTML ID & NAME

browser.find_element_by_id("Email")
browser.find_element_by_name("Email")
#In the above Example id and name are same but this may not be the case in other Applications

   2)Password Inspection

Password can be located using HTML ID & NAME

browser.find_element_by_id("Passwd")
browser.find_element_by_name("Passwd")
#In the above Example id and name are same but this may not be the case in other Applications

     3)SignIn Button Inspection

Submit Button can be located using HTML ID & NAME

browser.find_element_by_id("signIn")
browser.find_element_by_name("signIn")
#In the above Example id and name are same but this may not be the case in other Applications

Working With FirePath

              To access the xpath of Web - UI elements
FirePath can be downloaded from this URL
                Step 1 :
   Select FirePath

Step 2 :
For LogOut Test Case

1)Inspect the Username in HomePage

Xpath for Username found in the HomePage

browser.find_element_by_xpath(".//*[@id='gb']/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[3]/div[1]/a")

2)Inspect SignOut

Finally the Test Script

#Save the below code in gmailLogin.py
import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

class GmailLogin(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        """Nagivate to gmail login page"""
        self.browser = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.browser.get("https://www.gmail.com")
        self.assertIn("Gmail",self.browser.title)
        
    def tearDown(self):
        """LogOut and Closing the browser"""
        HomePage = self.browser.find_element_by_xpath(".//*[@id='gb']/div[1]/div[1]/div/div[3]/div[1]/a").click()
        SignOut  = self.clicks("gb_71")
        self.browser.close()

    def textField(self,id_selector,field_value):
        """(object,id,keys) -> (handle to field)"""
        element = self.browser.find_element_by_id(id_selector)
        element.send_keys(field_value)
        return element

    def clicks(self,id_selector):
        """(object,id) -> (handle to button)"""
        clickElement = self.browser.find_element_by_id(id_selector).click()
        return clickElement
      
    def test_login(self):
        """Login with UserName & Password"""
        browser = self.browser
        UserName = self.textField("Email","fromuser1@gmail.com")
        Password = self.textField("Passwd","!@#%%^Hgtgh")
        
        SignIn   = self.clicks("signIn")
        #Implicitly wait for 5 sec for the complete page to load
        browser.implicitly_wait(5)
        assert "fromuser1@gmail.com" in browser.page_source

if __name__ =="__main__":

    unittest.main(exit=False,warnings='ignore')




#Parameter for exit is set as False since this code is executed in IDLE

Output

>>> 
Python 3.4.2 (v3.4.2:ab2c023a9432, Oct  6 2014, 22:15:05) [MSC v.1600 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license()" for more information.
>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
>>> 
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 57.511s

OK
>>> 
>>>

Wednesday 17 December 2014

Unit Testing With Python

Unit Test Framework
Selenium is used for Web UI automation ,
To write and to maintain test cases a framework is required.
Here in this case Unitest is used for this purpose

About Unittest

Unittest module started life as the third-party module PyUnit.
Unittest support fixtures,test suites and a test runner to enable automated testing.

Core Class of unittest

TestCase
TestSuite
TestLoader
TextTestRunner
TestResults

TestCase

TestCase is a one of the core classes of unittest module.
TestCase has to be inherited from unittest module
All the test routines or methods must start with "test".
Only then will they be executed, Test case can be in a different file,if so the module to be tested must be imported.

#We need to import the unittest module
import unittest

#Testcase
class TestLoginPage(unittest.TestCase):

    """We are testing the loginpage"""
    
    def test_case_1(self):
        print ("I am test case no 1")

    def test_case_2(self):
        print ("I am test example 2")

    def test_case_3(self):
        print ("I am test example 3")


#To execute the unittest

if __name__ == "__main__":
    
    unittest.main(exit=False)
#Parameter for exit is set as False since this code is executed in IDLE

Example 1

#Save the below code in lowercasevowel.py
def count_lower_case_vowels(s):
    """(str) -> number

    Return the number of lower case vowels found in the input string s
    """

    no_of_vowels = 0

    for vowels in s:
        if vowels in "aeiou":
            no_of_vowels +=1
    return no_of_vowels

Unit test for lowercasevowel.py

#Save the below code in unit_for_lowercasevowel.py
#import the required modules
import lowercasevowel
import unittest

#Testcase
class TestingLowerCaseVowels(unittest.TestCase):

    """We are testing the lowercasevowel.py"""
    
    def test_case_1(self):
        actual   = lowercasevowel.count_lower_case_vowels("b")
        expected = 0
 
        self.assertEqual(actual,expected)

    def test_case_2(self):
        
        actual   = lowercasevowel.count_lower_case_vowels("aeiou")
        expected = 5
 
        self.assertEqual(actual,expected)

    def test_case_3(self):
        
        actual   = lowercasevowel.count_lower_case_vowels("jude")
        expected = 2
 
        self.assertEqual(actual,expected)



#To execute the unittest
if __name__ == "__main__":
    
    unittest.main(exit=False)
#Parameter for exit is set as False since this code is executed in IDLE

Output

>>> 
...
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.047s

OK
>>>

Note: each "." represents testcase successfully executed ,if test case fails "F" instead of "."

F
======================================================================
FAIL: test_google_search (__main__.GoogleSearch)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\coursera\selenium\google.py", line 21, in test_google_search
    self.assertIn(self.browser.title,"Go")
AssertionError: 'Google' not found in 'Go'

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 28.112s

FAILED (failures=1)
>>>

Structure of TestCase Class of unittest

setUp() where pre-condition for executing the test case are written down.
tearDown() here clean up ,which is required after each test case is written down.
skipTest() will skip the current test.
fail() will fail the test explicitly ie..It will fail the test an raise AssertionError.
id() Return a string containing the name of the TestCase object and of the test method.
shortDescription() Return the Docstring present in the Test case method.

Note:setUp() get executed before all the test_case() method and tearDown() after each test_case()
methods.

Example 2
Let us use the setUp() and tearDown() methods

#General test case Template
#imports
import unittest
from selenium import webdriver

#Test case class
class GeneralTemplate(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        """Here we create browser object and access a url if needed"""
        print("I am setUp")
     
 
    def tearDown(self):
        """Here we close the browser 
           ie..clean up process after the test case """
        print("I am Tear down")

    def test_caseNo1(self):
       """Here the code is written for the testing the Web UI """
       print("I am test case no1")

Example 3
Let us use the setUp() and tearDown() id() & shortDescription() methods

import unittest

class LearningUnittest(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        testName = self.shortDescription()

        if testName == "test case 1":
            print("start of test case 1")

        elif testName == "test case 2":
            print("start of test case 2")

        elif testName == "test case 3":
            print("start of test case 3")    

        else:
            print("unknown test case starting")


    def tearDown(self):
        testName = self.shortDescription()

        if testName == "test case 1":
            print("stop of test case 1")

        elif testName == "test case 2":
            print("stop of test case 2")

        elif testName == "test case 3":
            print("start of test case 3")    

        else:
            print("unknown test case stop")

    def test_case_1(self):
        """test case 1"""

        print("hello here i am 1")

    def test_case_2(self):
        """test case 2"""

        print("hello here i am 2")

    def test_case_3(self):
        """test case 3 """
        self.fail("test case 3 fail")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

Problem 1
Search for a python tutorial on youtube ?

Answer

Open a browser (firefox)

#we need to create webdriver object
#To do that we need to import webdriver from selenium
from selenium import webdriver
#Now we create a webdriver
browser = webdriver.Firefox()

Nagivate to "http://www.youtube.com"

#To nagivate any web-page in the browser we can use the get command
browser.get("http://www.youtube.com")

Verify that youtube page is opened

#we use assert if the assert fails
#The execution will stop at the assert point in the test case
#An AssertionError is raised, but the tearDown method is always called.
assertIn("YouTube",browser.title)

Locate the search Box and type in Python Tutorials

#Let us locate search box using id 
#Using Firebug we can inspect the search box's id
searchElement = browser.find_element_by_id("masthead-search-term")
#Let us enter "python tutorials"
searchElement.send_keys("python tutorials")
#Press the enter key
searchElement.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)

To take a screenshot

 
browser.screenshot('YoutubeSearch.png')
#The screenshot is stored as YoutubeSearch.png
#In the same directory as youtube.py

The complete solution with unittest as Framework

#Save the below code in youtube.py
import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

class YoutubeSearch(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):

        print("-----Starting setup------")
        self.browser = webdriver.Firefox()
        self.browser.get("http://www.youtube.com")
        print("-----setup complete-----")
        
    def tearDown(self):
        print("-----starting teardown------")
        self.browser.screenshot('YouTubeSearch.png')
        self.browser.quit()
        print("----teardown complete-------")
        
    def test_youtube_search(self):
        
        print("-----in the test------")
        self.assertIn("YouTube",self.browser.title)
        searchElement = self.browser.find_element_by_id("masthead-search-term")
        searchElement.send_keys("python tutorials")
        searchElement.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
        print("----test case complete----")


if __name__ == "__main__":

    unittest.main(exit=False,warnings = 'ignore')


#Parameter for exit is set as False since this code is executed in IDLE

Output

================================ RESTART ================================
>>> 
-----Starting setup------
-----setup complete-----
-----in the test------
----test case complete----
-----starting teardown------
----teardown complete-------
.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 1 test in 46.460s

OK
>>>